Citizenship is an essential right that comes with specific legal advantages. The IRC aids refugees and immigrants in navigating the process of obtaining U.S. citizenship, which involves a lengthy naturalization procedure.
Once someone becomes a citizen, they have the freedom to leave and reenter the country as they please, the right to vote in elections, the opportunity to serve on juries, and eligibility for certain government jobs.
To earn citizenship in the United States, most individuals go through the naturalization process. This process requires non-citizens to follow a step-by-step procedure, which includes checking eligibility, completing Form N-400, and submitting photographs. After the application is processed, a notice for a naturalization interview and test will be received. During the interview, conducted by a USCIS officer, English and civics knowledge will be tested.
Military personnel can also obtain citizenship through naturalization, with different requirements depending on whether the service was during peacetime or a time of hostility.
The first step in the naturalization process is submitting USCIS Form N-400 along with a copy of the green card, photos, and the appropriate fee. The second requirement is proving continuous US residence for five years (or three years if married to a US citizen) and physically residing in the state or USCIS district for at least 30 months before filing. Breaks in residency due to military service, work, or school abroad can be accounted for with demonstrated ties to the previous residence. Additionally, applicants must be of the age of majority when taking the citizenship oath, which may involve registering for Selective Service before turning 26.
After submitting the completed application and biometrics, an interview will be scheduled at a USCIS office. The interview is a necessary part of the citizenship process and includes an English reading, English writing, and US civics test. It is also an opportunity for the officer to review the application and verify the submission of all required documentation. The test and interview are conducted in English.
If someone fails the citizenship test on the first attempt, they have a second opportunity to take it within 90 days. If they fail a third time, their citizenship application will be denied. However, they can appeal the denial and request a hearing by filing Form N-336.
After the interview, USCIS will provide a notice with the results of the citizenship exam and interview. The application may be approved at that time, or it could be continued if more information or documentation is needed, or if the citizenship test was not passed. In case of continuation, USCIS will review any new records or clarification provided and reexamine the applicant on any failed portions of the test.
When applying for US citizenship, various documents need to be submitted to support the information on Form N-400. These documents include primary and secondary citizenship evidence such as a valid US passport (unless it is a limited passport), proof of permanent resident status, and two photographs with specific requirements.
The initial step in the citizenship application process is filing Form N-400, either online or by mail, along with supporting documentation. USCIS will then review and approve or reject the application. If approved, a Form I-797C with a receipt number will be issued for tracking purposes. After a few months, USCIS will schedule an interview, which should be attended to avoid significant delays. During the interview, questions will be asked, and two citizenship tests on English and civics will be conducted. An oath of allegiance to the United States will also be required.
Becoming a US citizen offers numerous benefits and responsibilities. Only citizens can vote, hold government jobs, serve on juries, and access certain financial aid grants and scholarships. They are also eligible for social security programs and can leave and enter the US without restrictions. Deportation is not applicable unless they commit crimes or violate immigration laws.
The cost of citizenship is typically lower than the annual renewal fee of a green card. Citizens have more flexibility in international travel and can obtain visas for immediate family members, such as siblings, more quickly than green card holders. They can easily enter the US without long lines and face less scrutiny compared to noncitizens. Additionally, citizens earn higher wages, enjoy lower interest rates when borrowing money, and have legal rights to pass property to spouses and children without estate taxes.
While appreciating the benefits of citizenship, it is also important to understand that it comes with civic responsibilities. These include voting, serving on juries, paying taxes honestly, obeying laws, respecting the rights and beliefs of others, and participating in the democratic process by supporting causes and political campaigns.
Citizenship grants the ability to vote in all US elections, including those for the president and vice president. It also opens up job opportunities within the federal government, which typically offer better pay and benefits than the private sector. Those pursuing naturalization must pledge loyalty to the United States and renounce allegiance to any other country, as well as take an oath of citizenship. This can pose challenges for some applicants, particularly those who have limited English proficiency and formal education.